Add a Table of Content only on one page?

Can you link your blog to see how it might be implemented?

You could use straight markdown or wikilinks.

You could also use the archive or tag function.

What app are you using to write your posts?

I'd add a custom metadata flag to the post, e.g.

TOC: yes

Then amend your template's entry.html view to use Tocbot to generate a table of contents only when that flag is set:

{{#entry.metadata.toc}}
<div class="toc" style="position:fixed;top:0;right:0;width:150px"></div>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tocbot/4.11.1/tocbot.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tocbot/4.11.1/tocbot.css">
<script>
tocbot.init({
  tocSelector: '.toc',
  contentSelector: '.entry',
  headingSelector: 'h1, h2, h3'
});
</script>
{{/entry.metadata.toc}}